Juvenile crime isn’t rare in Texas, and it’s not limited to “troubled teens.” In San Antonio, we’ve seen kids arrested near school campuses, downtown, or even pulled over on Loop 410. Some cases start as minor mistakes. Others involve serious offenses. Either way, a juvenile charge can lead to court oversight, mandatory programs, or time in detention, and the record doesn’t always disappear at 18.
Knowing what charges minors face most often, and what happens next, is key to keeping families prepared and grounded. Texas law doesn’t treat children exactly like adults, but the system still carries weight, especially if the offense is serious or repeated.
Let’s look at how juvenile offenses are handled under Texas law, and what consequences may follow.
How Does the Juvenile Justice System Work in Texas?
In Texas, most juvenile criminal cases fall under the jurisdiction of the juvenile court system, which covers youth between the ages of 10 and 16. Once a child turns 17, they’re typically tried as an adult unless the case began earlier and was transferred.
Juvenile courts operate under Title 3 of the Texas Family Code. This system emphasizes rehabilitation over punishment, but don’t mistake that for leniency. A juvenile can still face probation, confinement, fines, or long-term court supervision.
In Bexar County, the Cyndi Taylor Krier Juvenile Detention Center holds most detained juveniles. Cases are heard in specialized courts, often with social workers, probation officers, and judges working together to decide outcomes that balance accountability with a chance to move forward.
What Are the Most Common Juvenile Offenses in Texas?
1. Theft and Shoplifting
Retail theft is one of the most frequent juvenile charges. Kids may steal from stores at malls like Ingram Park or North Star. In Texas, the severity of theft depends on the value of the stolen property:
- Under $100: Class C misdemeanor (often handled by municipal court)
- $100–$750: Class B misdemeanor
- $750–$2,500: Class A misdemeanor
- Over $2,500: Felony theft
Juveniles can be ordered to pay restitution, perform community service, or participate in anti-theft classes.
2. Assault
Fights between teenagers, whether at school, parties, or parks, often lead to assault charges. Texas law doesn’t give minors a pass for physical violence.
- Offensive physical contact or minor injuries: Class A misdemeanor
- Serious bodily harm or use of a weapon: Felony assault
Assault in school zones, especially near Northside ISD campuses, can also trigger school-related disciplinary hearings.
3. Drug Possession
Possession of marijuana, THC cartridges, or even prescription meds without authorization can lead to juvenile drug charges.
Under Texas Health & Safety Code § 481, even a small amount of marijuana can result in charges. Penalties vary by drug type and weight.
Juvenile courts often favor treatment and intervention for first-time offenders. But repeat offenses or harder substances, like pills or THC oil, can push the case toward stricter sentencing.
4. Criminal Mischief and Vandalism
Spray-painting property, breaking windows, or damaging school equipment may seem like minor pranks, but these actions fall under criminal mischief. Texas law calculates penalties based on property damage value:
- Less than $100: Class C misdemeanor
- $750–$2,500: Class A misdemeanor
- Over $2,500: Felony charges
Restitution and community service are common penalties, but some cases lead to probation or juvenile detention.
5. Underage Drinking and DUI
Possession or consumption of alcohol by minors is a common offense across San Antonio, especially during events or near college campuses. Even being around alcohol can be a problem if the minor is in possession.
- Minor in possession (MIP): Fine, alcohol education class, community service
- Driving under the influence (DUI) of alcohol (under 21): Any detectable alcohol level = offense
DUI for a minor is a Class C misdemeanor on the first offense, but it can escalate with repeated incidents.
Can Juveniles Be Tried as Adults in Texas?
Yes, Texas allows juveniles as young as 14 to be certified for adult prosecution in serious felony cases. This typically applies to:
- Aggravated robbery
- Sexual assault
- Homicide or attempted homicide
- Certain firearm-related offenses
To move a case from juvenile to adult court, prosecutors must file a motion for discretionary transfer under Family Code § 54.02. A judge then reviews whether the minor is likely to benefit from the juvenile system or not.
LaHood Norton Goss Law Group’s background as former prosecutors gives us insight into how those transfer decisions are made and how to challenge them.
What Are the Penalties for Juvenile Crimes in Texas?
Texas juvenile courts use a tiered set of consequences depending on the case:
Deferred Prosecution
- Informal probation without court involvement
- Available for first-time, non-violent offenders
- Requires compliance with rules, check-ins, and sometimes classes
Probation
- Court-ordered supervision lasting up to the child’s 18th birthday
- May include curfews, drug testing, school attendance, and counseling
Juvenile Detention
- Short-term stays in a local facility like the Bexar County Juvenile Detention Center
- Typically used when the offense is serious or the child is a repeat offender
Commitment to Texas Juvenile Justice Department (TJJD)
- The most serious penalty for youth
- Often lasts until the youth turns 19, sometimes longer, with approval
- Reserved for felony-level offenses and repeat cases
The court may also order therapy, restitution, drug treatment, or anger management as part of the sentence.
How Long Do Juvenile Records Last?
Many people think a juvenile record disappears once a child turns 18. That’s not always true.
In Texas, juvenile records do not automatically get sealed. You must meet specific criteria and often file a petition. Under Family Code § 58.253, automatic sealing may apply only to lower-level offenses and first-time misdemeanors. More serious cases require legal intervention.
If left unsealed, a juvenile record can affect college applications, job opportunities, and even eligibility for military service.
Why Does Legal Strategy Matter in Juvenile Cases?
Juvenile defense isn’t just about avoiding jail; it’s about protecting futures. A child who makes one poor choice should not be locked out of college, scholarships, or stable employment.
We’ve seen prosecutors push for harsh penalties even when alternatives exist. As former high-level prosecutors, we know the levers inside the system and know when to push back.
Some cases deserve a second look. Others require fast, decisive action before a juvenile is certified as an adult or sent into detention. Either way, your child’s case demands real strategy, not guesswork.
If your family is facing a juvenile case in Bexar County or anywhere near San Antonio, call 210-750-4490 to speak with our team.
